GENERAL INFORMATION

G01. Dataset version 1.1.2

G02. Name of the dataset: LISFLOOD static and parameter maps for EFAS

G03. Description of the dataset: gridded input maps (except for the meteorological forcings that can be found here https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/0bd84be4-cec8-4180-97a6-8b3adaac4d26) that are required to run the spatially distributed hydrological model LISFLOOD for Europe. Details on the open-source hydrological model LISFLOOD can be found here: https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood/. The LISFLOOD static maps have been derived using a variety of different data sources and have a spatial resolution of 1 arc min (approx. 1.5km). A detailed description of how the maps have been derived can be found here: https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/4_Static-Maps-introduction/. Important note for version 1.0 of the dataset: this version does not include the calibrated parameters maps.

G04. Creator of data set: Copernicus Emergency Management Service

G05. DOI of dataset: N/A

G06. PID of dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/f572c443-7466-4adf-87aa-c0847a169f23

G07. Keywords (author defined): floods, Europe, EFAS (European Flood Awareness System), hydrology, droughts, modeling

G08. Language(s) used in the dataset: English

G09. Last update of the README file: 14.May.2024



DATA DESCRIPTION

D01. Horizontal coverage: European extended domain (-25.25, 50.25; 22.75, 72.25)

D02. Horizontal resolution:  1 arcmin

D03. Spatial gaps: only land areas are covered by this dataset

D04. Temporal coverage: 
     - 95 time-invariant surface fields;
     - 3 surface fields with intra-annual variability (reference year: 2015);
     - 2 surface fields with intra and inter-annual variability (coverage from 1990-01-01 to 2021-12-31)
     - 2 surface fields with inter-annual variability

D05. Temporal resolution:
     - 10 days frequency for the 3 variables with intra-annual variability;
     - monthly frequency for the 2 variables with intra and inter-annual variability;
     - sub-yearly frequency for the 2 variables with inter-annual variability

D06. Number of available surface fields: 102, broadly classified according to the following categories: main (5), catchments morphology and river network (14), land use (7), vegetation properties (18), soil properties (29), lakes and reservoirs (3), water demand (12), calibrated parameters (14).

D07. Number of available ancillary data in text format: 12 files providing metadata and information about lakes and reservoirs.

D08. Units: the units of each variable are specified below.

D09. Update frequency: irregular.

D10. Projection: wgs_1984

D11. Data type: 1 arcmin grid



PROJECT INFORMATION 

P01. Project information: the dataset "LISFLOOD static and parameter maps for Europe" is developed as part of the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS).

P02. Project website: https://www.efas.eu/en

P03. Project funder: European Union



FILE OVERVIEW

F01. Number of files described by the README-file: 102 surface fields grouped thematically in 8 sub-folders. 12 files in text format included in 1 sub-folder.

F02. Organization of the files into sub-folders.
     The 8 sub-folders are:
     - Main (5 files)
     - Catchment_morphology_and_river_network (14 files)
     - Land_use (7 files)
     - Vegetation_properties (18 files)
     - Soil_properties (29 files)
     - Lakes and reservoirs (15 files)
     - Water_demand (12 files)
     - EFASv5.0_calibrated_parameters (14 files)

F03. Naming conventions for file names/explanation of abbreviations: LC = land cover type forest (f), irrigated (i), other (o). S = rice growing season (1,2,3). D = surface (1), middle (2), bottom (3) soil layers.

F04. Description of the files in each subfolder.

F04.1 Folder "Main" (5 surface fields):
     - template_European_01min.nc (boolean map that identifies the land pixels, -);
     - domain_area_European_01min.nc (boolean map that identifies pixels included in the EFAS computational domain, -);
     - pixleng _European_01min.nc (grid-cell length along the latitude, m);
     - pixarea_European_01min.nc (grid-cell area, m2);
     - latitude_European_01min.nc (latitude value of each pixel, degrees of latitude);

F04.2 Folder "Catchment_morphology_and_river_network" (14 surface fields):
     - ldd_European_01min.nc, ldd_European_01min.map (local drainage direction, units:  - );
     - elv_European_01min.nc (elevation, m.a.s.l.);
     - elvstd_European_01min.nc (standard deviation of elevation, m);
     - gradient_European_01min.nc (slope gradient assigned to upstream cell, m/m);
     - upArea _European_01min.nc (accumulated area of all upstream hydrologically connected pixels, m2);
     - chan_European_01min.nc (boolean map that identifies the channel grid-cells, -);
     - chanbnkf_European_01min.nc (channel bankfull depth, m);
     - chanflpn_European_01min.nc (width of the floodplain, m);
     - changrad_European_01min.nc (channel longitudinal gradient, m/m);
     - chanlength_European_01min.nc (channel length within a pixel, m);
     - chanman_European_01min.nc (channel Manning's roughness coefficient, m^(1/3)s^(-1));
     - chans_European_01min.nc (channel side slope, m/m);
     - chanbw_European_01min.nc (channel bottom width, m);
     - outlets_European_01min.nc (identifiers of outlet points, as indicated in EFAS reporting points layer, -).

F04.3 Folder "Land_use" (7 surface fields):
     - fracforest_European_01min.nc (fraction of forest for each grid-cell);
     - fracirrigated_European_01min.nc (fraction of irrigated crops [except rice] for each grid-cell);
     - fracother_European_01min.nc (fraction of other land cover for each grid-cell);
     - fracrice_European_01min.nc (fraction of rice crops for each grid-cell);
     - fracsealed_European_01min.nc (fraction of urban area for each grid-cell);
     - fracwater_European_01min.nc (fraction of inland water for each grid-cell);
     - lusemask_European_01min.nc (boolean map: pixels with value 1 are included the modelled domain, -).

F04.4 Folder "Vegetation_properties" (18 surface fields):
     USED ACRONYMS: LC (land cover) = f (forest), i (irrigated), o (other). S(season) = 1,2,3.
     - cropcoef_LC_European_01min.nc (acrop coefficient for land cover LC, averaged by time and ecosystem type, -);
     - cropgrpn_LC_European_01min.nc (crop group number for land cover LC, averaged by time and ecosystem type, -);
     - riceplantingdayS_European_01min.nc (map with calendar day of the start of the rice planting for season S, -);
     - riceharvestdayS_European_01min.nc (map with calendar day number of the start date of the rice harvest for season S, -);
     - mannings_LC_European_01min.nc (Manning's roughness coefficient for land cover LC, m^(1/3)s^(-1);
     - laiLC.nc (10-day average Leaf Area Index for land cover LC, where LC fraction per grid-cell is larger or equal to 0.7, m2/m2).

F04.5 Folder "Soil_properties" (29 surface fields):
     USED ACRONYMS: LC (land cover) = f (forest), i (irrigated), o (other). D (soil layer) = 1 (surface), 2(middle), 3 (bottom).
     - genuaD_LC_European_01min.nc (Van Genuchten parameter alpha for soil layer D and land cover LC, cm^-1);
     - ksatD_LC_European_01min.nc (saturated hydraulic conductivity for soil layer D and land cover LC, mm/day);
     - lambdaD_LC_European_01min.nc (pore size index for soil layer D and land cover LC, -);
     - soildepthD_LC_European_01min.nc (thickness of soil layer D for land cover LC, mm);
     - thetasD_LC_European_01min.nc (saturated volumetric soil moisture content of soil layer D for land cover LC, m3/m3);
     - thetarD_European_01min.nc (residual volumetric soil moisture content of soil layer D, m3/m3).

F04.6 Folder "Lakes_Reservoirs_ID_tables" (15 files: 3 surface fields, 12 text files):
     - lakemask_European_01min.nc (boolean map of the footprint of lakes, -, values: 0 or 1);
     - lakes_European_01min.nc (lakes outflow location: lakes ID number as shown in the lookup table);
     - EFAS_HRES_lakes_metadata.csv (lakes lookup table);
     - res_European_01min.nc (reservoirs outflow location: reservoirs ID number as shown in the lookup table);
     - EFAS_HRES_reservoirs_metadata.csv (reservoirs lookup table);
     - lakea.txt (lakes parameter, m/s);
     - lakearea.txt (lakes surface area, m2);
     - lakeavinflow.txt (lakes net inflow, m3/s);
     - rtstor.txt (reservoirs storage capacity, m3);
     - rnlim.txt (reservoirs normal storage limit, -);
     - rflim.txt  (reservoirs flood storage limit, -);
     - rclim.txt (reservoirs conservative storage limit, -);
     - rnormq.txt (reservoirs normal outflow, m3/s);
     - rndq.txt (reservoirs non-damaging outflow, m3/s);
     - rminq.txt (reservoirs minimum outflow, m3/s).

F04.7 Folder "Water_demand" (12 surface fields):
     - dom_1990_2022_1arcmin.nc (water demand per pixel for domestic use, mm/day);
     - ene_1990_2022_1arcmin.nc (water demand per pixel for energy use, mm/day);
     - ind_1990_2022_1arcmin.nc (water demand per pixel for industrial use, mm/day);
     - liv_1990_2022_1arcmin.nc (water demand per pixel for livestock use, mm/day);
     - dis_nat_10_European_01min.nc (minimum environmental flow, m3/s);
     - gwbodies_European_01min.nc (boolean map indicating exploitable groundwater resources, -);
     - fracgwused_European_01min.nc (groundwater used fraction of a pixel, -);
     - energyconsumptiveuse_European_01min.nc (consumptive use for energy water use, defined as 1-Recycling Ratio, -);
     - leakage_European_01min.nc (fraction of leakage of public water supply, -);
     - irrigation_efficiency_baseline_European_01min.nc (field application irrigation efficiency, e.g ~0.90 drip irrigation and ~0.75 sprinkling, -);
     - fracncused_European_01min.nc (fraction of water demand allocated to non-conventional sources, e.g. desalination plants, -);
     - waterregions_European_01min.nc (identifiers of the areas icluding the locations of water demand and abstraction, -. This map is consistent with the calibration points, as exaplained here https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-model/2_18_stdLISFLOOD_water-use/).

F04.8 Folder "EFASv5.0_calibrated_parameters" (14 surface fields): calibrated parameters for EFASv5.0. Please refer to https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CEMS/EFAS+v5.0 for a complete documentation about calibration methodology, data, and results.
     - SnowMeltCoef.nc (snow melt rate in degree day model equation, mm/(C day));
     - b_Xinanjiang.nc (exponent in Xinanjiang equation for infiltration capacity of the soil, -);
     - PowerPrefFlow.nc (exponent in the empirical function describing the preferential flow, i.e. flow that bypasses the soil matrix and drains directly to the groundwater, -);
     - UpperZoneTimeConstant.nc (time constant for upper groundwater zone, days);
     - GwPercValue.nc (maximum percolation rate from upper to lower groundwater zone, mm/day);
     - LowerZoneTimeConstant.nc (time constant for lower groundwater zone, days);
     - LZThreshold.nc (threshold to stop outflow from lower groundwater zone to the channel, mm);
     - GwLoss.nc (maximum loss out of lower groundwater zone expressed as a fraction of lower zone outflow, mm/day);
     - QSplitMult.nc (multiplier to adjust discharge triggering floodplain flow, -);
     - CalChanMan1.nc (multiplier for Manning's roughness coefficient for riverbed, -);
     - CalChanMan2.nc (multiplier for Manning's roughness coefficient for floodplains, -);
     - adjust_Normal_Flood.nc (multiplier to adjust reservoir normal filling: balance between lower and upper limit of reservoir filling, -);
     - ReservoirRnormqMult.nc (multiplier to adjust normal reservoir outflow, -);
     - LakeMultiplier.nc (multiplier to adjust lake outflow, -).

F05. File formats: netCDF (CF-1.6 compliant)

F06. Software necessary to open the file: any software that opens netCDF, e.g. ArcGIS, QGIS, Panoply, Python, R, etc. ldd map in pcraster format can be opened using QGIS, Python.



STORAGE INFORMATION

S01. Where are the data stored?: https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/CEMS-EFAS/



METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION

M01. Date (beginning-end) of data collection and generation: 2019-2020 (version 1.x). Date (beginning-end) of generation of the calibrated parameters maps: 2022-2022 (version 1.1.0, EFASv5.0_calibrated_parameters)

M02. Aim for which the dataset was prepared: to provide the open-source hydrological model LISFLOOD used in EFAS with up-to-date information on the morphological, land cover and use, soil, and water use features of catchments worldwide. This information is necessary to set-up the open-source hydrological model LISFLOOD (https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood/)

M03. Data collection details are explained here https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/4_Static-Maps-introduction/

M04. Information about data processing methods: see reference publication R01 and https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/4_Static-Maps-introduction/

M05. Quality assurance procedures: see reference publication R01

M06. Information about limitations of the dataset, information that ensures correct interpretation of the dataset: see reference publication R01



DATA ACCESS AND SHARING

A01. Recommended citation for the dataset: Francesca Moschini; Margarita Choulga; Cinzia Mazzetti; Disperati, Juliana; Grimaldi, Stefania; Salamon, Peter; Prudhomme, Christel (2023): LISFLOOD static and parameter maps for Europe. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: http://data.europa.eu/89h/f572c443-7466-4adf-87aa-c0847a169f23

A02. License information, restrictions on use: European Commission reuse notice (https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/licence/com_reuse ) , no limitations

A03. Copyright statement: https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/CEMS-EFAS/copyright.txt

A04. User support service: contact person outlined in the JRC Data Catalogue OR contact info@efas.eu



RELATIONSHIPS

R01. Choulga, M., Moschini, F., Mazzetti, C., Grimaldi, S., Disperati, J., Beck, H., Salamon, P., and Prudhomme, C.: Technical note: Surface fields for global environmental modelling, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1306, 2023.

R02. This dataset was prepared using a variety of other datasets: the external datasets used to prepare each file is listed here https://ec-jrc.github.io/lisflood-code/4_Static-Maps-introduction/.